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The lowest natural temperature ever directly recorded at ground level on Earth is , which was at the Soviet Vostok Station in Antarctica, on July 21, 1983. Analysis of satellite data indicated a probable temperature of around , also in Antarctica, on August 10, 2010; however, this reading was not confirmed by ground measurements. On January 21, 1838 a recording was made by the Russian merchant Neverov in Yakutsk, of . On January 15, 1885 H. Wild reported that a temperature of was noted in Verkhoyansk.〔 A later measurement at the same place in February 1892 was reported as . Soviet researchers later announced a recording of in February 1933 at Oymyakon, about to the south-east of Verkhoyansk; this measurement was reported by Soviet texts through the 1940s as a record low, with the previous measurement from Verkhoyansk retroactively adjusted to . The next reliable measurement was made during the 1957 season at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, yielding on May 11 and on September 17.〔 A subsequent measurement of , on August 24, 1960, held the record until a temperature of was measured at the Soviet Vostok Station, on the Antarctic Plateau, on July 21, 1983.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =World: Lowest Temperature )〕 This remains the record for a directly recorded temperature. A 2009 study estimated that under exceptional climate conditions similar to those recorded at Vostok in 1983, temperatures higher on the plateau around Dome Argus could potentially drop as low as .〔; (open-access copy )〕 On August 10, 2010, Landsat 8 observations measured a surface temperature of at 81.8°S 59.3°E, along a ridge between Dome Argus and Dome Fuji, at 3,900 m elevation. The result was reported at the 46th annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, in December 2013; it is a provisional figure, and may be subject to revision. The value may not be listed as the record coldest temperature as it was measured by remote sensing satellites and not by ground-based thermometers, unlike the 1983 record. The temperature announced reflects that of the ice surface, while the Vostok readings measured the air above the ice, and so the two are not directly comparable; however, it is clear that the real temperature at the site is lower than that recorded at Vostok in 1983.〔 ==Laboratory cooling== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lowest temperature recorded on Earth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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